The future operating system for iPhone it seems to be a "killer" for the battery. At least in beta, iOS 17 consumes too much iPhone battery, so users with iPhone 13 Pro or iPhone 14 Pro I also charge the devices 2-3 times a day.
The fast battery drain problem iPhone 14 Pro I had it too, until I decided to ditch the version iOS 17 beta and reinstall the latest final version iOS 16. (See here how you can downgrade iOS).
As I have said several times, installing a beta software version for iPhone or for any other mobile device, it comes with a number of security risks, incompatibilities and excessive battery consumption.
Why iOS 17 draining iPhone battery excessively?
In beta versions of iOS it is possible that some features or optimizations for battery consumption are not yet implemented, which may result in higher power consumption and shorter battery life. This issue can also lead to overall battery degradation and reduced usage time over time. iPhone battery health.
Energy consumption optimization can be both at the operating system level and at the application optimization for the future software version. When optimization has not been done, the consumption of energy resources can be unreasonably high.
For example, beta users iOS 17 reports very high battery consumption when the Instagram app is open.

The difference in battery consumption between Instagram, Facebook and the Safari browser, in an almost equal time frame, is very noticeable.
If you are in the situation where you have installed iOS 17 beta and the battery iPhone consumes power quickly, all you can do is hope that future app and OS updates will fix this problem. Another option is to downgrade to iOS beta to final stable release.
In conclusion, at least at this point, we can say that iOS 17 consumes too much battery iPhone because it is currently in beta development. Certainly that much Apple as well as application developers for iPhone they will make efforts to optimize energy consumption as much as possible.